Diabetes interferes with the body's ability to use and store sugar (glucose). The disease is characterized by too much sugar in the blood, which can cause damage throughout the body, including the eyes. Over time, diabetes damages the blood vessels in the retina. Diabetic retinopathy occurs when these tiny blood vessels leak blood and other fluids. This causes the retinal tissue to swell, resulting in cloudy or blurred vision. The condition usually affects both eyes. The longer a person has diabetes, the more likely they will develop diabetic retinopathy. If left untreated, diabetic retinopathy can cause blindness. Patients might experience blurry vision, difficulty in central vision and floaters (moving objects). Early detection and treatment can limit the potential for significant vision loss from diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is classified into two types: Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is the early stage of the disease in which symptoms will be mild or nonexistent. In NPDR, the blood vessels in the retina are weakened. Tiny bulges in the blood vessels, called microaneurysms, may leak fluid into the retina. This leakage may lead to macular edema (swelling of the macula). Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the more advanced form of the disease. At this stage, circulation problems deprive the retina of oxygen. As a result new, fragile blood vessels can begin to grow in the retina and into the vitreous, the gellike fluid that fills the back of the eye. The new blood vessels may leak blood into the vitreous, clouding vision. Retinal imaging, Fluorescein Angiography and Optical Coherence Tomography may help diagnose areas of ischemia (loss of blood flow) and macular edema. The treatment of macular edema is intravitreal injection of Anti-VEGF), steroids or laser. In cases of PDR without fibrovascular proiferation (membranes causing traction), Anti- VEGF injections can be used as an alternative to laser treatment. In cases of PDR with Fibrovacular proliferation, Pars Plana Vitrectomy surgery may be the considered as an option to remove tractional membranes and retinal detachments. Vitrectomy is also indicated for long lasting and non-clearing bleeding inside the eye cavity from diabetes.